What is an aspiration system and its application

The production workshop is a place of increased danger. It is not only equipment that causes harm, but also polluted air. To avoid this problem, an aspiration system is installed in the room. It serves to cleanse the air from harmful impurities.

Description of the aspiration process

Dust extraction system for industrial premises

During production processes, dust, metal microparticles, toxic fumes or wood chips appear in the room. All these components negatively affect human health, getting into the respiratory system. The aspiration process involves the removal of small particles from the air and from the surface of working devices.

The suction unit is installed in large workshops and factories, in home technical rooms, if wood is processed in them, cars are repaired. It works in conjunction with a ventilation structure.

For high-quality cleaning, the aspiration speed is equalized with the air flow rate in the system.

Basic types of construction

The aspiration system can be stationary or mobile. The first type is suitable for large workshops, and the second for small garage spaces.

Monoblock installations

Monoblock dust extraction units

The monoblock device is mobile, since the installation does not require the arrangement of the air duct. To clean the air, such a product is installed near a source of pollution. The design of the device consists of a filter, a fan, and a container that collects dust and waste.

The unit is capable of cleaning small production areas and workshops in which the level of contamination is minimal. The advantage of the unit is the ability to connect to the main ventilation line. The installation can be moved without changing its design. For the installation of equipment, no preliminary preparation or creation of a project is required.

The disadvantage of such equipment is a small adaptive ability depending on the type of technological process. The waste container is cleaned manually, therefore the machine must be switched off. Space is required to place the unit. The product does not always provide the required efficiency.

Modular designs

Modular aspiration system made to order

Products of this type are made individually for each workshop. This equipment is complex and expensive. It includes a fan, as well as several separate intermediate separators for collecting and sorting waste by density. Such a system is suitable for a single room and for an entire plant.

The advantage is high work efficiency, automation. However, the construction is expensive. To install it, a preliminary plan is required. The installation of the system is complex. If it is necessary to move the structure, it will have to be dismantled. Periodic maintenance of the structure is required.

The principle of operation and purpose of the aspiration unit

Aspiration units have different capacities and differ in filter design. They work continuously. Contaminated air enters the interior of the structure. It is drawn into it with a fan.Then the flow passes through filters of varying degrees. The cleaned air flows back into the room through the upper branch pipe.

Dust settles in a special container, from which it is removed in manual or automatic mode. For the manufacture of the system, metal with a thickness of 0.5-2 mm is used. The air ducts are connected using flanges and O-rings. The main purpose of the structure is to remove production products and purify the air.

Areas of use

Aspiration and ventilation system in a metallurgical workshop

In most cases, air is aspirated in production. Scopes of equipment:

  • woodworking and chemical industries;
  • metallurgy;
  • food production;
  • mining industry;
  • production of building materials ..

Aspiration improves the efficiency of the ventilation system, reduces the load on it.

Problems and solutions

As with any technological systems, aspiration equipment can malfunction. If these problems are not eliminated in time, the system will not perform its functions.

Dust plug formation

The suction system must be cleaned regularly

If the draft is insufficient, dust plugs may appear in the system. They reduce the rate of air flow that is hidden in the room. The cleansing process gets worse. Another reason for the appearance of the problem is the incorrect calculation of the air ducts, the wrong selection of pipes for the system. The plug can be removed by regular cleaning, which should be done regularly. Sometimes a design configuration change is required.

Insufficient performance

Such a problem is envisaged even at the stage of creating a design project. If it has already arisen during operation, the localization of the suction element or the configuration of the entire structure changes. Requires installation of forced ventilation with a recuperator.

Lack of effect

If the power of the suction unit is high and there is no effect, the reason is incorrect placement of the suction nozzles. With a large distance from them to the source of pollution, the pipelines do not collect dust properly. To correct the problem, the ducts are lengthened or reconfigured.

Low power equipment gives an insufficient effect. The correctness of the localization of the nozzles, the cleanliness and correct functioning of the filters are also checked. This problem is possible in the absence of supply ventilation.

Advantages and disadvantages of aspiration systems

The aspiration system cleans the air from small particles that can harm the respiratory system

Suction units provide normal conditions for workers in production departments. In addition, the equipment has the following advantages:

  • maintaining the equipment in good condition by taking dust and other impurities from the air;
  • removal of the smallest particles of debris from the room;
  • return of the purified air back to the closed space;
  • functioning in places of greatest pollution;
  • high productivity due to the absence of losses associated with transportation and aerodynamics;
  • independence from the main ventilation system (if one structure fails, the other will work).

The disadvantage is the weak functionality of the system in the case of design inaccuracies. It requires constant care and monitoring.

Aspiration is an essential part of the production process, which provides a safe working environment by removing harmful microparticles from the air. If it is not installed correctly, the level of pollution in the room will increase.

home.techinfus.com/en/
Add a comment

Foundation

Ventilation

Heating