When building a house, one of the important tasks for owners is the organization of efficient heating. A steam heating system is considered one of the most optimal solutions. The principle of its operation has certain features in comparison with the usual water systems.
The principle of operation of a steam boiler
Steam boilers operate by heating water until the boiling point is reached. After that, it goes into a state of steam. The whole process is carried out by controlling the water level in the boiler and the formation of evaporation.
The volume of water is monitored using sensors. When the boiler starts up, the feed pump starts working. It pumps fluid into the heating zone. As soon as the burner turns on, the water begins to heat up, evaporation occurs.
After the volume of water has evaporated, the feed pump starts up again. It functions until the level reaches the working mark. The whole operating principle is based on cyclicality. In addition to working levels, there are also emergency levels. They work as soon as the pressure rises.
Features of steam heating
Under the influence of constant pressure, the water boils, its temperature always remains constant. As a result of boiling, steam is formed, which gives off a large amount of thermal energy. When condensation occurs, thermal energy is released into the environment.
The steam heating system operates according to this principle. The water in the boiler boils, steam begins to move along the radiator and pipes. There, heat is released, due to which the air in the room is heated.
As a result of condensation, water is formed, which continues to move through the pipes. It returns to the accumulator, then, with the help of a pump, flows to the heater.
Varieties of steam boilers
Steam boilers are classified according to the type of fuel used.
Solid fuel
Depending on the type of material used for the operation of the boiler, the devices are equipped with different combustion chambers. Steam boilers most often use coal, peat, and wood waste as fuel. Industrial boilers work according to this principle. Their main disadvantage is environmental pollution and increased fire hazard class.
Industrial steam boilers operating on solid fuels are distinguished by their high power and large dimensions. They are used for the food, textile and processing industries.
Electrical
The steam boiler, powered by electricity, has found widespread use in everyday life. The structure is equipped with a steam generator, a pump, an energy conversion cabinet.
Gas
A steam-water boiler is the most budget-friendly option. Its main advantage is its high degree of efficiency. Condensation-based structures can be used for heating and household needs.
Steam heating circuit
There are various options for heating schemes. They are classified according to the following parameters:
- pipe connection diagram;
- system pressure;
- method of transferring heat to the atmosphere;
- condensate return.
For private houses, low pressure household boilers are used. Closed and open steam heating systems are distinguished. When open, the connection to the atmosphere is open. In the second form, it is completely isolated from the effects of pressure from the atmosphere.
The steam boiler is subdivided into one- and two-pipe. The purpose of the first type is to organize heating in one and two-story houses. The two-pipe system is suitable for high-rise buildings and large premises.
Steam boiler characteristics
Steam boilers are very popular among the owners of private houses due to their ease of operation and high level of efficiency.
Ease of operation
The main advantage of steam structures is their ease of use. The units are completely safe for people. The main part of the devices is automated, no human intervention is required for operation. It is enough to study the description and organize the connection correctly. Modern devices are suitable for heating any type of premises. Owners have the opportunity to use different types of fuel.
Profitability
Low cost of boilers also attracts consumers. At the same time, they retain a high degree of productivity and low inertia. There is no need to purchase additional equipment to install a steam boiler.
Environmental friendliness
Various types of fuel can be used to operate the structure, thanks to which the owners select the best options for themselves that do not harm.
Quiet operation
During operation, the structure does not emit any noise, but its level increases as soon as the unit is completely filled with steam.
Features of operation
- Free expansion for temperature must be ensured. This will ensure even heating.
- The liquid level must be observed. In relation to water-tube structures, this norm is determined by special institutions. Normally, the minimum level should be 10 cm below the heating surface.
- Device manufacturers equip them with special safety systems to reduce the risk of explosion.
- It is important to monitor the condition of the welds. They must not be allowed to intersect. If defects are found, flaw detection will be required.
- During operation of the device, condensation may form in the pipes. It is necessary to purge them. Also, special drains are used to eliminate condensation.
- The steam pressure in the system must always be under control. The parameter is measured by a pressure gauge, which must have a special stamp, which indicates that testing has been carried out. Do not use devices that have expired checks.
- It is necessary to control not only the pressure, but also the temperature of the water vapor. For this, thermometers must be installed on all steam pipes.
Steam boilers are characterized by a high degree of reliability, durability and increased power. The use of such devices will effectively provide heating to a house of any size.
